Essay on George Orwells 1984 - 1536 Words

George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four presents a negative picture, a society that is ruled by totalitarianism. The government that is created in the novel is ruled by Big Brother and that consist of three branches. â€Å"The Ministry of Truth, which concerned itself with news, entertainment, education and the fine arts. The Ministry of Peace, which concerned itself with war. The Ministry of Love, which maintained law and order. And the Ministry of Plenty, which is responsible for economic affairs.† (Orwell 6). The main character Winston Smith does not accept the ideology of Big Brother. There are three states in the Novel Oceania, Eurasia, and Eastasia. In the novel Orwell subscribes that Oceania is at war with Eastasia and alliance with†¦show more content†¦The telescreen is a powerful metaphor for the loss of privacy in a totalitarian state. â€Å"It is inessential to the political them of the novel, which is the feasibility of thought control through propaga nda, education, psychology, censorship, lobotomizing, stirring up war fever terror, and, above all, the manipulation of historical records and of language.† (Postner 197). The reason there is no freedom in London is because the citizens can not express there self’s and also they are not allowed to read books, newspaper, magazines and writes in a diary. There are three classes in the society: the high class, the middle class and the lower class which are called the â€Å"Proles†. The reason there are three different types of classes in the society of London because the high class are allowed to have more freedom than the middle class. The middle class is the worst because they are not allowed to have freedom whatsoever and the higher class people are allowed to torture them and execute them because they work for the Party which is called, â€Å"Big Brother.† The low class has more freedom then the middle class because the city considers them that they are n ot intelligent and also they are no harm to the city and they are really poor. That means the only people that are allowed to read books, newspaper, magazine and write in a diary are the Proles. In the society the citizens are not allowed to pick there friends and they are not allowed to fall in love. The only reason people getShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwells 19841168 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell author of 1984 recently made it on Amazon’s list of â€Å"100 books to read before you die† for his widely read novel with thought provoking subjects like: the dangers of totalitarianism, physical control, psychological manipulation, manipulation of information and history, and technology. Through the themes in 1984, George Orwell demonstrates that a dystopian society created by totalitarian rule can infiltrate the minds of its citizens through various mediums. The famous novel falls intoRead MoreGeorge Orwells 19841138 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell’s â€Å"1984† perfectly captures a potential dystopia that would occur to the human race if a totalitarian government was present. As a result of this, Orwell identifies the purpose of the novel: to warn people what could possibly happen if they were not careful. A totalitarian government is similar to a dictatorship and demands complete obedience. Orwell focused on what type of plot would be most beneficial, how the plot would impact the audience, and how the subplot builds on a conflictRead MoreGeorge Orwells 19842185 Words   |  9 PagesLiterary Analysis The author of the novel 1984, George Orwell, is a political critic. Therefore, he used very precise descriptions of situations and words to provide the reader a clear understanding of the entity he is criticizing. When Winston describes the destruction of past records to create new ones to Julia, he says: â€Å"Every record has been destroyed or falsified, every book has been rewritten, every picture has been repainted, every statue and street and building has been renamed, every dateRead MoreThe Themes Of 1984 And George Orwells 19841237 Words   |  5 Pages In many ways, George Orwell used real problems in the world to write his novels. Orwell lived through many events that inspired some of the main topics in his book, 1984. In 1984, George Orwell illustrates what a totalitarian society would be like. At the time that he wrote this book, many citizens of England were afraid of their government having too much power over them. Orwell wrote 1984 to warn the public of what a pow erful government can lead to. Even currently, 1984 can be related to differentRead MoreGeorge Orwells 19842208 Words   |  9 PagesIn George Orwell’s 1984, the author utilizes Big Brother to showcase the immense power and influence the government has over its subordinates. The Party manipulates the people through inflicting fear, constant surveillance, and deprivation of knowledge, in order to oppress them from having incorrect ideas or behaviors that are not permitted in society. They are expected to live as respectful Party members, forcefully having to dedicate their lives to serving Big Brother. There are a plethora of charactersRead MoreThe 1984 Adaptation Of George Orwells 19842072 Words   |  9 PagesCensorship in 1984 In the 1984 adaptation of George Orwell’s classic, Nineteen Eighty-Four, the director, Michael Radford, plays on the ideas of censorship and control of all citizens. As one of the biggest themes that is presented in the film, the Inner Party makes it their mission to stop all citizens of â€Å"free thinking†. Citizens are not allowed to think poorly of the government, nor are they allowed to think impure thoughts. Those who try to condemn the government, and those that question theRead MoreGeorge Orwells 1984 Essay706 Words   |  3 PagesGeorge Orwells 1984 What look on humanity and human nature, if any, can be seen through this book, 1984? 1984 examines a future under the rule of a totalitarian society. One of the unique notes about Orwells 1984, is theRead MoreJustice in George Orwells 19841293 Words   |  6 PagesJustice in 1984 The concept of justice is an important subject in George Orwell’s 1984. Justice is defined according to Plato as â€Å"the interest of the stronger†. Justice plays a big role in 1984’s society. Justice is understood differently by the protagonists of the text than how it is represented by the societies in which they live. In the novel 1984 by Orwell, an extremely controlling totalitarian government called The Party, rules the society. They have introduced Telescreens which monitorRead MoreTotalitarianism In George Orwells 19841028 Words   |  5 PagesTotalitarianism Used in 1984 A dystopia is a society which is characterized by misery, oppression, and unhappiness. Likewise, a totalitarian government neither allow parties to have different opinions nor freedom with a centralized government, therefore totalitarianism and dystopian societies are similar. In 1984, written by George Orwell, Big Brother is a dictator who gives the Oceanian population no personal freedoms and strictly dominates all of the country for their own selfish ways. Unlike OceaniaRead MoreSymbolism In George Orwells 19841349 Words   |  6 Pages Symbolism in 1984 Literary concepts are often used in books to make the reading experience more enjoyable. In George Orwell’s 1984, Orwell uses a key literary element, symbolism, to do this. Orwell does this in a unique way. He makes the reader want to think one way, when the reality is far different. This causes the reader to be surprised when the truth of the matter is revealed. He is able to do this by having certain objects represent one thing, and then later reveal it is something far different

Facing Death Essay Example For Students

Facing Death Essay In today’s modern society we have a certain distaste for the subject of death. There are people in society feel uncomfortable with the subject of death. The subject of death is a reality that we need to face everyday. There is nothing any of us can do aboutdeath, and there is no virtue in dwelling on it or trying to penetrate its mystery. Is it possible to prepare for death? In our day and age as we know it, there have been astounding advancements in medicine. The average life expectancy has risen. People are being educated in issues that surround a healthy life style. As a society, we are trying to increase our life span anddefeat death. While people are following strict diets and grueling exercise programs, the earth is creating new diseases, viruses, bacteria, and illnesses that cause death. Is the earth compensating for these new medical advancements by creating these deadly ailments to make life and death equal? We are all going to die; that’s not our problem. Our problem is how to live until we die. Our anxiety about death keeps us from recognizing our own true and healthy love of death. When we accept the reality and mystery of death we can begin to love death in a positive way. Far from signifying any morbid desire to die, loving death simply means accepting death as a natural part of life. We must find ways to accept death. There are many religions that have different beliefs about dying. Buddhist’s do not believe in life after death meaning heaven. Buddhist’s believe that when one dies he is reborn again and this continues until the person reaches Nirvana. Nirvana isthe supreme happiness that comes when all passion, hatred, and delusion die out and the soul is released from the necessity of further purification. In the Christian religion it is believed that there does exist life after death. The argument to supportit being that after Jesus died he rose from the dead, proving that the soul is not destroyed after death. â€Å"this proof of immortality has been accepted by millions of Christians and has been regarded as one of the most precious assurances brought to mankind by Jesus† (Ducasse 18). All of the Christian teachingsand beliefs comes from the Bible; and in the Bible it states â€Å"For God loved the world so much that he gave his only Son so that anyone who believes in hi m shall not perish but have eternal life.† (John 3:16) There are some philosophies we can take to be better prepared to face death. First, by attending to the important relationships in our live so that we don’t have regrets about what we failed to say or do with those we love. Next, by attending to our valuesand priorities so that we don’t regret not having pursued our own goals and dreams. Finally, by preparing for the reality of our own eventual death by making critical decisions ahead of time and discussing them with the important people in our lives. Whilethis kind of work is seemingly a preparation for dying, it’s actually a good prescription for living since it often produces a feeling of satisfaction and control over your life. Through out history there have been many different religions and philosophers with many different views on the after life and what it entails. What we do when we leave the physical world will never be know with absolute cert ainty until our time comes. Untilthen we must take into consideration all the possibilities and choose one that makes sense to us the most. Just remember: If I were to die tomorrow, what would I wish to have done today? Or, as the Tibetan author Sogyal Rinpoche says, â€Å"If you’re havingproblems with a friend, pretend he’s dying you may even love him.† Especially good advice if that friend happens to beBibliography:

Market research is the key to success Essay Example

Market research is the key to success Essay Tesco, the gigantic supermarket chain, has decided on conquering the United States market with Fresh and Easy strategy since 2007; however, is undergoing huge losses approximately to 300 million dollars the previous year. Fresh and Easy strategy claimed to target at supplying a rising proportion of shoppers who prefer frequent trips to local convenience stores rather than traditional American weekly drive to hypermarkets. Furthermore, it might contain penetration pricing method and certain promotions in order to increase sales. The strategy is claimed to be faulty as the marketing research that it based upon is less accurate. This essay will critically examine whether market research is the key factor that determines the success of a business in terms of Tescos marketing strategy using Fresh and Easy. Initially, the nature of market research will be analysed, followed by discussions of the probable existence of other factors and eventually a conclusion would be drawn. Marketing strategies are carefully evaluated plans for future marketing activity that balance company objectives, available resources and market opportunities (Marcouse, 2008, p461). Tesco might have use, in Ansoffs terminology, market development or diversification as their marketing strategy when opened up outlets in United States. Market development strategy is about selling existing products to new markets, for instance, new geographical areas. It could be risky unless the company has spotted clear marketing opportunities; whereas diversification strategy is about selling new products to new markets, which is a very risky strategy as the company operates utterly outside its range of knowledge and experience. To undertake marketing effectively, businesses need information. We will write a custom essay sample on Market research is the key to success specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Market research is the key to success specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Market research is the key to success specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thus market research is needed to gather information about consumers, competitors and distributors within a firms target market and subsequently being analysed and evaluated, which is a way of identifying consumers buying habits and attitudes to current and future products. (Marcouse, 2008, p143) There are two main types of market research, which are field research and desk research. Field research gathers primary data directly from people within the target market. If Tesco conducted field research, it could collect data through various resources. As through retailer research, retailers are likely to know all crucial information as they serve customer directly. It is vital to have observation as a resource due to location is an important factor to Tesco as it has expanded business in a new market. If Tesco done experiments such as test markets and pilot trials of new products before launch, it could measure and evaluate customers reactions to changes in the marketing mix. (Tutor2u, n. d. , p9) It might also have used customer interviews or questionnaires, focus or user groups, surveys or panels as one of the sources in order to have a general consumers overview. There are several advantages associated with field research. Tesco could aim questions directly at research objectives, derive latest information from the marketplace and assess the psychology of the customers. Moreover, the relevant data could be a competitive advantage as other rivals will not have had access to it. As for the drawbacks, it can be costly, time-consuming and at the same time Tesco taking risk of bias questionnaires and interviewer. In additions, the research findings may only be usable if comparable backdata exists (Marcouse, 2008, p144). On the contrary, desk research uses secondary data that already exists. If Tesco carried out desk research, it could collect data via internal and external resources. Internal resources may consisted of company accounts, internal reports and analysis, retail data (e. g. loyalty cards) and stock analysis (Biz/ed, n. d. ); whereas external resources may comprised rivals marketing literature, government-produced data, trade press and the internet (Marcouse, 2008, p143-144). Desk research often obtained a wide range of data without high cost, and usually based on actual sales figures or research on large samples which increase accuracy of the data. A further advantage is allowing Tesco to have a good overview of the market. However, the data may not be updated regularly and not tailor-made to companys need. Similarly, the reports may be expensive to buy on various marketplaces (ibid, p144). Market research data could be numerical or psychological, namely, quantitative or qualitative (Marcouse, 2008, p143). If Tesco used quantitative research, it concerns with gathering hard data on large sample of people and presenting information on statistical basis, such as diagrams that could be used to analyse the information. It usually interrelated with data on the market size, shares and growth. Three key perspectives to be considered by Tesco, that are sampling, writing an unbiased questionnaire that meet the research objectives, and assessing the validity of the results (ibid, p146). If Tesco used qualitative research, they could understand consumers behaviour, attitudes and perceptions in some depth but not statistics data. It usually conducted by psychologists and takes two main forms which are focus groups and depth interviews. Focus groups conducted with psychologists and a group of consumers; whereas depth interviews only between a psychologist and a consumer, which is better as to avoid risk that group opinions will be swayed by certain influential person (ibid, p145). It is at best if Tesco combined both research types as one because if only one research type being conducted, Tesco would not get a whole picture of consumers behaviour, attitudes and perceptions. Sampling means selecting people as representative of the whole of a population which their view will be taken as representative of all first-time buyers. There are three main sampling techniques that Tesco might have used. If Tesco used random samples, it ensures everyone in the population has an equal chance of being selected. It would be effective, but costly and time-consuming, and may have chosen those not in the right group. If Tesco chosen quota sampling, it selecting interviewees in proportion to the consumer profile within the target market (ibid, p146). It aims at obtaining a sample that represents the overall population (tutor2u, n. d. ). It is relatively cheap, effective and most commonly used. However, it is not random thus enduring some risk of bias. If Tesco opted stratified sampling, it only involved interviewees with key characteristic required for the sample. Within this stratum of population, individuals could be found indiscriminately or by setting quotas based on factors such as region (Marcouse, 2008, p143). Although it still random, it is more focussed, relevant and may be more cost effective. It is important for Tesco to consider the sample size and response rate as these could lead to serious issues such as launch of product flopped. Generally, a sample of 100 respondents is far more meaningful if the results are clear-cut. A sample of 1000 respondents is possible but costly. Survey methods may have influence in response rate and built-in bias rate. Database-driven research, for instance, may be the most accurate and reliable resource as it information bases upon current or ex-customers. Market research helps firms to plan ahead rather than to guess ahead (The Times 100). Large established companies such as Tesco have huge advantages over new smaller companies as their knowledge of consumer attitudes and behaviour constructed from years of market research conducted. However, it may not be the only factor that determines the success of a business. Test marketing, for instance, could provide more accurate data than marketing research, thus allows more accurate sales forecasts and identify a weak link; howsoever, it is far costly, acquire large-scale of production and allows rivals to foreseen. Besides, innovation enables company to distinguish themselves from rivals and even interrupt the product life cycle by extend the product maturity. Furthermore, external factors such as economic and environment could be the main issues. As an example, global recession is claimed by Tim Mason to be one of the factors that caused Tescos losses in US stores (Finch, 2009). Taking everything into consideration, certain conclusion can be drawn. Tesco which has strong home branding and in a very good financial health, that Fresh and Easy strategy would be far more effective and accurate if Tesco conducted both primary and secondary marketing research which combining both qualitative and quantitative research in specific locality of their United State stores. It appears probable that marketing research may be fairly important as one of the factors that determine the success of a business but may not be the only crucial factor.

Character Analysis of Cassio and Roderigo from Othello

Character Analysis of Cassio and Roderigo from 'Othello' Othello is one of William Shakespeares most acclaimed tragedies. The story of a Moorish general (Othello) and the soldier (Iago) who plots to usurp him, the play features a small cast of characters who are manipulated and pitted against each other as part of Iagos deceitful plan. Two of the key characters are Cassio, Othellos loyal captain, and Roderigo, a man who is love with Othellos wife, Desdemona. Over the course of the play, both are lured into the complex love plot engineered by Iago, one of Shakespeares  best-written villains. Cassio Cassio is described as Othellos honourable lieutenant, and he is given this rank over Iago. The appointment, undeserved in Iago’s eyes, justifies the villain’s cruel revenge against him: One Michael Cassio, a Florentine†¦ / That never set a squadron in the field / Nor the division of a battle knows.(Iago, Act I Scene 1) We know that Cassio is of good standing due to Desdemona’s passionate defense of him. However, Othello is easily turned against him by Iago. In Act II, Cassio foolishly allows himself to be encouraged to go for a drink when he has already acknowledged it to be the wrong thing to do. â€Å"Come lieutenant. I have a stoup of wine, Iago says (Act II Scene 3). I’ll do’t but it dislikes me, Cassio replies. Once the captain becomes drunk, he is drawn into a brawl and attacks Montano, a former Cypriot official, badly wounding him. The attack is an embarrassment to Othello, who is forced to act quickly to appease the Cypriot officials. The Moorish general sacks Cassio on the spot: Cassio I love thee, but never more be officer of mine.(Othello, Act II Scene 3) Othello is justified in this, as one of his men has injured an ally; nevertheless, the scene demonstrates Othello’s impulsivity and his righteousness. In his desperation, Cassio falls into Iago’s trap once more as he implores Desdemona to help him win his job back. His office is the most important thing to him, so much so that he neglects his relationship with Bianca while he is trying to get it back. At the end of the play, Cassio is injured but redeemed. His name is cleared by Emilia and as Othello is stripped of his duties, we are told that Cassio now rules in Cyprus. As the new leader, he is given the responsibility of dealing with Othellos fate: To you Lord Governor, / Remains the censure of this hellish villain. / The time, the place, the torture O enforce it!(Lodovico, Act V Scene 2) As a result, the audience is left to ponder whether Cassio will be cruel to Othello or forgiving. Roderigo Roderigo is Iago’s dupe, his fool. In love with Desdemona and prepared to do anything to get her, Roderigo is easily manipulated by the evil Iago. Roderigo does not feel any loyalty towards  Othello, who he believes has stolen his love from him. It is Roderigo, under the guidance of Iago, who goads Cassio into the fight that gets him dismissed from the army. Roderigo escapes from the scene undetected. Iago tricks him into giving him money to convince Desdemona to be with him and then encourages him to kill Cassio. In Act IV, Roderigo finally gets wise to Iagos manipulation of him, declaring that Everyday thou daff’st me with some device (Act IV Scene II). Nevertheless, he is again convinced by the villain to follow through with the plan to kill Cassio, despite his misgiving. I have no great devotion to the deed, Roderigo says. And yet he hath given me satisfying reasons. / Tis but a man gone. Forth, my sword: he dies (Act V Scene 1). In the end, Roderigo is stabbed his only friend, Iago,  who does not want him to reveal his secret plot. However, Roderigo finally outsmarts him by quickly writing a letter which he places in his pocket, pointing to Iago’s involvement in the plot and his guilt. Although he ultimately dies, he is in some part redeemed by his letters: Now here’s another discontented paper / Found in his pocket too. And this it seems / Roderigo meant to have sent this damned villain, / But that, belike, Iago in the interim / Came in and satisfied him. (Lodovico, Act V Scene 2)

Post-Implementation Challenges of the Model Audit Rule Research Paper

Post-Implementation Challenges of the Model Audit Rule - Research Paper Example Audit theory and practice also covers other areas that include the basis of audit opinion, legal liability of the auditors, and examination of frauds, audit evidence, and audit programs. For an audit to be successful, the above factors have to be analyzed critically so that the auditors achieve clarity (Reed, Shedd, Morehead, and Pagnattaro, 2009, p. 39). The auditors have to ensure that they carry out the work professionally in accordance with the laid down policies and procedures. They have to ensure that they follow the guidelines which include the auditing standards that guide them during the process of the audit. The client entrusts the auditors with the responsibility of carrying out a substantive test meant to evaluate the subject matter to provide an assurance to the intended user concerning the subject matter. The auditor faces many challenges before the audit process, during the auditing process, or after the process (Moeller, 2004, p. 39). Auditing relies on sampling and e stimation of values which makes the credibility of the process doubtful. Lack of sufficient information is one of the challenges that auditors face during the process hence making the process difficult to accomplish within the given time. International Auditing Standards requires that auditors obtain a lucid understanding of the company being audited and its environment. This understanding of the internal control system will help them identify misstatements that are material in the statements that may arise due to fraud or error. To avoid post audit problems that may arise, the auditors have to analyze the process that the company adopts critically to identify business risks. Post audit challenges are the challenges that auditors face after completion of the audit process. These challenges make the process an excellent training for the executives. The Model Audit Rule is a collection of accounting standards that govern the audit process. It ensures that auditors ensure financial sta bility and proper governance to the various companies who consult them for their services. An internal control financial report is a basic requirement in the Module Audit Rule to ensure that professionals formulate controls. It also ensures that controls are operating as intended (Vasarhelyi, 2005, p. 77). The main role of this rule is to enhance oversight of financial stability of various insurance companies. It has the responsibility of setting the guidelines that govern auditor’s independence and create rules for the audit committee. Influence of legal, regulatory, and social environments on audit theory and practice Legal, regulatory, and social environments have absolute impact on audit theory and practice. The legal environment entails criminal liabilities for auditors, auditor’s liability to clients and third parties, and their responsibility to detect frauds and errors. This is a tremendously vital part during the audit process since it governs the conduct of t he auditor during performance of the audit. The legal environment is particularly vital in reduction of post implementation challenges that will arise after the Model Audit Rule is introduces (Cheeseman, 1997, p. 79). A detailed analysis of the legal environment concerning the Model Audit Rule is necessary to ensure that companies and auditors understand the requirements of the rule. This will cut the cost of the companies and reduce

Global Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Global Business - Essay Example Therefore, an American multinational corporation (MNC) finds itself in a situation whereby its research teams have to translate their strategies to match the Chinese language and culture. The businesses venturing into China have to define strategies for overcoming the communication barrier. For example, MNCs find difficulties in establishing relations with the Chinese since it is a Western culture to shake hands and engage on persuasive and lengthy speeches whereas their Chinese counterparts rarely shake hands in greetings, and they approve business deals by observing the identified merits. Moreover, expanding into China requires a business to learn the value of relationships with stakeholders. In Chinese culture, businesses establish strong relationships with stakeholders, an aspect that receives minimal significance in the west. According to the Chinese society, stakeholders pursue belongingness, and would resent those organizations that fail to honor their presence and involvement. Business relationships in the Chinese context are deeper than the rapport established between businesses and clients in the western context. Therefore, this can pose a challenge for new businesses that seek to expand into this region because they have to earn the art of establishing business relationships that can measure up to the level expected in Asia (Wong, 2008). This means gaining a better understanding of business partners away from the formal settings in informal settings such as dinner parties. This translates to the fact that the sealing of business deals takes longer in china b ecause a business must invest more time in creating proper acquaintance with partners. Organizations should adapt to the change in favor of the Chinese market and this would contribute to profitable returns (Jiang &Stening, 2006). Asians also honor different occasions and may use different colors to represent them. For instance, the Chinese use the red color to

Significant Factor in Leading Essay Example for Free

Significant Factor in Leading Essay In 1914, the First World War broke out. It is the war which involved most of the countries in the world. The Sarajevo Assassination has triggered off the war as Austria-Hungary use it as a war excuse to declare war on Serbia. To a large extent I think that extreme nationalism is the most significant factor in leading the outbreak of the First World War. â€Å"Nationalism is an infantile disease. It is the measles of mankind†. This was said by Albert Einstein. Nationalism is the desire of people of the same race and culture to govern themselves and to keep their own way of life. In the Early 19th century, It started common belief of people’s right with liberalism. However, nationalism became more extreme and furious since 1871. People commonly believed that their country was usually right and superior to other country. They aimed to promote the national glory of their country by weakening the others. This resulted in many conflicts. Firstly, for the independence movement of the Balkan states, they aimed to get free from foreign rule and thus the Eastern Question emerged. Eastern Question means a series of problems happened in the Balkans. It had a nasty long term effect on international relationship. It was true to say that it caused by the rise of Balkan nationalism. Powers would not give way because Balkan is strategically important and most importantly, for the sake for promoting national glory. Secondly, for the Pan-German Movement, Germany wanted to build a big German empire. She wanted to expand into the Balkans and West Asia. This alarmed the powers like Britain and Russia and increased the tension between the powers. Thirdly, for the Pan-Slav Movement, Russia wanted to unite all Slavs into a big Slav state under Russian leadership. These complicated the Eastern Questions and had conflicts with Austria-Hungary. Fourthly, for the Greater Serbia Movement, Serbia wanted to expand Serbia and united her with Bosnia-Herzegovina and Albania. This worsened the Austro-Serbian relationship and brought two Balkan Wars which increased Austro-Serbian hostilities. In addition, the wars made Austria-Hungary became more determined to crush Serbia. The crisis made Europe toward to the First World War and the Sarajevo Assassination made it speed up even more. As the Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, was assassinated by Princip, the member of Black Hand. This provided Austria-Hungary had the excuse to attack Serbia. Finally, the war broke out. Fifthly, for the revenge movement led by France, she wanted to take revenge on Germany owing to her lost of Alsace-Lorraine and the humiliation suffered from the Franco-Prussian War. Bismarck started the alliance system to isolate France and avoid a two-front war against Germany. Therefore, the Three Emperor’s League was formed by Germany, Russia and Austria-Hungary. But finally, the Three Emperor’s League broke up. In the First World War, The two rival alliances were Triple Alliance and Triple Entente. They agreed to assist each other if they were attacked by other powers. But this didn’t contribute a lot to the First World War, it only increased the mutual suspicion and distrust between the powers. Besides, powers formed the alliances for self-protection. Therefore, compared with extreme nationalism, it is not a significant factor. Sixthly, for the expansion, Germany, France, Britain and Russia both wanted to get national glory by building a big colonial empire by strengthening their armaments. This resulted in the colonial rivalry. Due to the saturation of the European market, powers competed with one another to acquire direct control over the colonies. When William II became the new Kaiser, Germany adopts an active colonial policy. He aimed to get more colonies to get national glory as colonies were a symbol of national strength. Some believed in the saying that colonial rivalries only worsened international relation and caused tension between powers. It is only partly true, colonial rivalries may also improve the relationship between powers when one was compromised. For example, Britain and France had conflicts in Sudan, but finally France withdrew and won British friendship. It showed that colonial rivalries can worse or improve the international relation. The expansion also resulted in militarism. Powers spend more money on military built-up. They produced powerful weapons like poison gas, tanks etc. Also, they enlarge the army and navy. Powers’ thought that strong military could defend themselves. The strong navies were needed to protect a country’s overseas colonies and their interests. Although armaments race created more suspicion and fear, it is self-defence in nature. Therefore, it is not a significant factor. Seventhly, the economic rivalries between the powers contributed to the protectionism. They increased tariffs on the imported products to protect their home markets and local industries. This increase suspicion and hostility among the powers. But when it compared with extreme nationalism, it is again not a significant factor. Eighthly, social Darwinists believed in the ideas of â€Å" survival for the fittest† and â€Å"natural selection†. These ideas were applied in the international politics. It gave rise to the expansionism. Again, It is not the most significant factor. To sum up, the extreme nationalism is the fundamental factor. The others are the auxiliary factor. There are many forms of nationalism, include the independence movements, unification, the revenge movement and the expansion, each of them gave rise to another factor. Therefore, to a large extent, extreme nationalism is the most significant factor in leading the outbreak of First World War.